Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

DOI： 10.1007/s11071-025-10927-5

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Other Link： https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11071-025-10927-5/fulltext.html

Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IOP Publishing  

Abstract

To enhance the seismic resilience of historical and cultural heritage sites, protective measures were implemented through the installation of advanced heritage protection platform facilities. A structural health monitoring system was developed to safeguard historical relics during construction activities by continuously monitoring the overall condition of the relics and the integrity of critical components. Key parameters, such as settlement differences, tilt, crack width, and acceleration, were meticulously tracked, with predefined warning and alarm thresholds established. Alerts were triggered whenever these parameters exceeded their respective thresholds, ensuring timely interventions. To ensure the reliability and consistency of the collected data, this study proposes an evaluation method that integrates multi-source data fusion with statistical analysis techniques. Building on this foundation, an unsupervised algorithm was employed to identify construction activities impacting the structural health of the relics. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of combining multi-source data and intelligent algorithms for reliable monitoring and early detection of risks during conservation. The developed system offers automated, real-time assessments and can serve as a model for future heritage protection projects. Looking forward, integrating wireless sensors and diverse data sources could improve system accuracy, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness, further enhancing the protection of cultural heritage.

DOI： 10.1088/2631-8695/adad33

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Other Link： https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2631-8695/adad33/pdf

Authorship：Last author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s11071-025-10927-5

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ymssp.2024.112017

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ASTM International  

ABSTRACT

Vibration-based techniques for structural health monitoring have garnered increasing attention in recent years, particularly in the context of numerous existing concrete frame structures. However, the detection of minor damages remains a challenging endeavor. Diverging from conventional methods reliant on time, frequency, or time-frequency domains for identification, this study proposes and evaluates an output-only phase space–based algorithms for structural damage detection, which involves reconstructing the dynamic system in phase space. Key to this approach is the introduction of the attractor distance, which is derived from attractor geometry, as a defining feature. Although impact force or ambient vibration typically serve as external excitations, this study employs chaotic excitation to induce vibrations in structures. Numerical and experimental investigations are conducted to assess the efficacy of the proposed phase space reconstruction method in detecting damage. A frame structure modeled as a lumped mass model is simulated and analyzed, exploring various degrees of damage and their effects on identification results. Furthermore, the influence of delay time and Gaussian distributed noise on damage-detection results is scrutinized. Validation experiments on a four-story frame structure subjected to chaotic excitation confirm the utility of the reconstructed attractor for damage detection, particularly in scenarios involving minor damage, with an approximately 5 % reduction in stiffness. The findings suggest that combining trajectory analysis with attractor distance facilitates efficient diagnosis of minor damage. The proposed methodology holds promise for damage identification in more intricate and large-scale concrete frame structures.

DOI： 10.1520/jte20240248

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.engstruct.2024.119175

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.engappai.2024.109677

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ymssp.2024.111800

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.108898

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  

DOI： 10.1109/jsen.2024.3459097

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

In order to ensure the safety and preserve the value of historical buildings, inclination is an essential parameter during the continuous structural health monitoring process. However, the wire and price of a traditional sensor limit application. This paper proposes a low-cost inclination sensor based on a patch antenna with a reconfigurable water load. Only the water directly on the antenna is considered effective. The different volume of the effective water load, which is determined by the inclination of the attached surface, will affect the effective permittivity of the dielectric plate of the patch antenna, further causing a variation in the resonant frequency. Therefore, the proposed antenna sensor can monitor the inclination of the attached surface by interrogating the resonant frequency. The working mechanism is first clarified by theoretically investigating the relationship between the dielectric properties and the inclination of the covering medium. The antenna sensor is then simulated using High-Frequency Structure Simulator ver.15 (HFSS 15), which helps to determine geometric parameters and confirm accuracy and sensitivity. An experiment has been conducted based on the design verified in the simulation. The inclination detection shows a correlation coefficient of 0.9771 with a sensitivity of 7.92 MHz/°, indicating a potential for real application.

DOI： 10.3390/s24206744

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jobe.2024.110210

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jobe.2024.109931

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  

DOI： 10.1109/jiot.2024.3406794

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

Ensuring the robust operation of bridges demands swift and precise forecasting of structural performance within the health monitoring system. However, challenges arise in the realm of long-time series forecasting context-free data. These challenges encompass scenarios where there is a lack of reference data pre- and postforecasting, instances of missing data before forecasting (near-forecasting), or predictions of the distant future (far-forecasting). Addressing these issues, a current imperative is the development of a framework adept at efficiently and directly forecasting context-free long-time series data. This article introduces a framework, the convolutional generative adversarial network with progressive growing and self-attention (PSA-CGAN) mechanisms, tailored for forecasting context-free data. The approach employs generative adversarial networks in tasks related to long-time series. Additionally, progressive growing and self-attention mechanisms are harnessed to capture both long- and short-term features in the time series, notably enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of the forecasting method. The proposed method undergoes validation through application to two distinct bridge cases, confirming its generality and real-time forecasting prowess. On two bridges, PSA-CGAN can effectively predict acceleration data in various context-free scenarios and is capable of forecasting progressively changing damage data. It provides a valuable reference for predicting damage data. Additionally, the results indicate that PSA-CGAN is a promising and practical solution for the prediction of context-free data. It represents an efficient and rapid tool for damage prediction.

DOI： 10.1177/14759217241269702

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Other Link： https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/14759217241269702

Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

The absence of excitation measurements may pose a huge challenge in the application of many damage identification methods since it is difficult to acquire the external excitations, such as wind load, traffic load. To deal with this issue, a novel output-only structural damage identification approach based on reinforcement-aided evolutionary algorithm and heterogeneous response reconstruction with Bayesian inference regularization is developed. On the one hand, heterogeneous measurements (e.g., displacements, strains, accelerations) are rescaled and reconstructed with the aid of Bayesian inference regularization technique. Structural damages are identified by minimizing the discrepancies between the measured and reconstructed responses. On the other hand, to solve the optimization-based inverse problem, a reinforcement-aided evolutionary algorithm, named Q-learning hybrid evolutionary algorithm (QHEA), integrating Jaya algorithm, differential algorithm, and Q-learning algorithm is proposed as search tool. To validate the feasibility and applicability of the proposed method, numerical studies on a three-span beam structure and laboratory tests on a five-story steel frame structure are carried out. The effects of data rescaling and data fusion on response reconstruction and damage identification are also investigated. The results clearly demonstrate the superiority of QHEA over other heuristic algorithms and heterogeneous data fusion over a single type of measurement. It is shown that both the locations and extents of the damaged elements can be accurately identified by the proposed method without the information of input force.

DOI： 10.1177/14759217241264922

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Other Link： https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/14759217241264922

Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

DOI： 10.1007/s11071-024-09991-0

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Other Link： https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11071-024-09991-0/fulltext.html

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  

DOI： 10.1109/jsen.2024.3379581

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.measurement.2024.114592

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.istruc.2024.106406

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Authorship：Last author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.measurement.2024.114406

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

The external excitations, interface forces and responses at the interface degrees-of-freedom are normally required in many existing substructural condition assessment methods, while they are difficult or even impossible to be accurately measured. To address this issue, a digital twin framework for output-only substructural damage identification with data fusion of muti-type responses is proposed in the present paper. First, heterogeneous responses including displacements, strains and accelerations from the target substructure are measured and divided into two sets. The multi-type responses in measurement set 2 are reconstructed with the first set of responses and transmissibility matrix in time domain. Then, a recovery method is introduced to obtain angular displacements from translational displacements and strains, to acquire angular accelerations from translational accelerations and the second order derivatives of strains by continuous wavelet transform. The recovered angular displacements and angular accelerations are involved into the evaluation of objective function. Besides, to avoid the single and monotonous search operation of traditional optimization algorithms, a reinforced learning-assisted Q-learning hybrid evolutionary algorithm (QHEA) by integrating Q-learning algorithm, differential evolution algorithm, Jaya algorithm, is developed as a search tool to solve the optimization-based inverse problem. The most suitable search strategy among DE/rand/1, DE/rand/2, DE/current-to-best/1, Jaya mutation in each iteration is selected and implemented under the guidance of Q-learning algorithm. Numerical studies on a three-span beam structure are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results demonstrates that the proposed output-only substructural damage identification approach can accurately identify locations and severities of multiple damages even with high noise-polluted responses.

DOI： 10.1177/13694332241242984

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Other Link： https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/13694332241242984

Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.12989/sss.2024.33.3.189

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IOP Publishing  

Abstract

The identification of structural damage with the unavailability of input excitations is highly desired but challenging since structural dynamic responses are affected by the coupling effect of structural parameters and external excitations. To deal with this issue, in this paper, an output-only damage identification strategy based on swarm intelligence algorithms and correlation functions of strain responses is proposed to identify structures subjected to single or multiple unknown white noise excitations. In the proposed strategy, four different population-based optimization algorithms—particle swarm optimization, the butterfly optimization algorithm, the tree seed algorithm, and a micro search Jaya (MS-Jaya)—are employed and compared. The micro search mechanism is integrated into a basic Jaya algorithm to improve its computational efficiency and accuracy by eliminating some damage variables with small values for the identified best solution after several iterations. The objective function is established based on the proposed auto/cross-correlation function of strain responses and a penalty function. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified with numerical studies on a simply supported beam structure and a steel grid benchmark structure under ambient excitation. In addition, the effect of the reference point, number of sensors, and arrangement of strain gauges on the performance of the proposed method are discussed in detail. The investigated results demonstrate that the proposed approach can accurately detect, locate, and quantify structural damage with limited sensors and 20% noise-polluted strain responses. In particular, the proposed MS-Jaya algorithm presents a more superior capacity in solving the optimization-based damage identification problem than the other three algorithms.

DOI： 10.1088/1361-6501/ad2ad4

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Other Link： https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6501/ad2ad4/pdf

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

This paper presents a miniaturized patch antenna sensor for structural crack sensing, and the patch antenna sensor can be interrogated wirelessly. The proposed patch antenna sensor can detect the expansion of structural crack through relative movement between antenna components, and the relationships between the antenna resonant frequency and the crack width were studied. By using Rogers RO3010 laminate with high dielectric constant as the dielectric substrate of the antenna, the size of the proposed antenna sensor is significantly reduced, and higher sensing sensitivity is achieved. Furthermore, the wireless interrogation methods of the patch antenna sensor were also studied. The resonant frequency of the patch antenna sensor was wirelessly interrogated using linearly polarized wide-band antennas. Compared with the previous patch antenna sensor, the overall area of the proposed antenna sensor has been reduced to 33.4%, and the miniaturized patch antenna sensor shows a sensing sensitivity of 116.1 MHz/mm, which is 2.6 times higher than the previous patch antenna sensor. A series of simulations and experiments have demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed patch antenna sensor for structural crack sensing and the effectiveness of wireless interrogation methods.

DOI： 10.1177/14759217241227797

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Other Link： https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/14759217241227797

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

An innovative bolt loosening detection method based on double-layer slotted circular patch antenna is proposed. By integrating the patch antenna with the bolt, the longitudinal length variation of the bolt can be transformed into a change in the air gap thickness of the antenna and cause the resonant frequency to vary. Thus, we can detect the bolt loosening through the resonant frequency shift of the double-layer circular patch antenna. Furthermore, the circular radiation patch of the antenna is slotted to increase the effective length of current flow, thus achieving the miniaturization of the antenna sensor for bolt loosening detection. The proposed double-layer slotted circular patch antenna sensor can be as small as a coin with a high sensing sensitivity of 626.57 MHz/mm, and it can be interrogated either wired or wirelessly. A series of simulations and experimental tests demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed antenna sensor for bolt loosening detection. The experimental results show that the relationship between the bolt preload and the antenna resonant frequency is relatively linear, and the resonant frequency of the antenna shifts 18 MHz for an M24 bolt from completely loosened to fully fastened.

DOI： 10.1177/14759217241227992

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Other Link： https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/14759217241227992

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.12989/sss.2024.33.2.119

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

Seismic isolation technologies for large‐span structures have rapidly developed alongside the popularization of the seismic resilience concept. To produce a high‐efficiency isolation technology with lower energy dissipation demands, this paper proposes a novel inerter‐enabled isolator (IeI) and a tailored input energy reduction‐oriented design method. The inerter‐based damper within the IeI is developed by combining the dashpot, tuning spring, and two inerters to facilitate the optimization of inerter distribution. Assuming the large‐span structure remains linear, the overall seismic input energy of the large‐span structure with IeIs and its allocation in the superstructure and additional damping are quantified using stochastic energy analysis. The advantages of the IeI over the conventional linear viscous damper (LVD) isolator are elucidated through dimensionless parametric analysis. Based on the results of parametric analysis, an input energy reduction‐oriented design method is proposed for the IeI, along with an easy‐to‐follow diagram that helps with preliminary design in practical applications. The effectiveness of the IeI and the proposed design method is validated through a design case study of a benchmark large‐span structure. The results demonstrate that the IeI reduces the seismic response of large‐span structures by simultaneously employing the input energy reduction effect of grounded inerters with the damping‐enhancing effect of inerter‐based dampers. The proposed design method effectively balances the performance of controlling the large‐span structure and the isolator displacement. Under consistent control performance and isolator displacement constraints, the IeI requires much less damping coefficient and energy dissipation capacity than the conventional LVD isolator. Moreover, leveraging the damping enhancement and input energy reduction effects, the IeI achieves comparable control performance to the conventional LVD isolator, even under stricter isolator displacement constraints.

DOI： 10.1155/2024/7104844

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.measurement.2023.113951

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

An innovative cable‐bracing inerter system (CBIS) has been proposed and shown to be effective in mitigating the structural response under dynamic excitation. The CBIS comprises an inerter element, an eddy current damping element, and a pair of tension‐only cables that can transfer the story drift to rotating flywheels. To further investigate the characteristics of the CBIS, a system identification approach based on an adaptive extended Kalman filter (AEKF) and a recursive least‐squares (RLS) algorithm is proposed. Depending on the CBIS model’s availability, the proposed approach uses two strategies: the AEKF identifies the parameters of the structure and the CBIS when the model is specific; alternatively, when the model is unspecific, the KF combined with an RLS algorithm identifies the restoring force generated by the CBIS as an unknown fictitious input. In addition, the AEKF incorporates a time‐variant fading factor to track the target adaptively. The proposed approach is validated through free vibration and shaking table tests, demonstrating the accuracy in identifying structural parameters and restoring force provided by the CBIS. The identification process involves two stages: initially, the AEKF identifies the parameters of the bare structure without the CBIS, followed by a dual strategy using either AEKF or KF‐RLS for identifying the parameters of the CBIS or its restoring force, respectively. The findings also verify the feasibility and validity of the mechanical model and operating principle of the CBIS, thereby contributing to the advancement and application of the CBIS in future studies.

DOI： 10.1155/2024/4930237

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Other Link： http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/schm/2024/4930237.xml

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.istruc.2023.105408

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.istruc.2023.105277

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

Analysis of recorded seismic response of an eight-story passively-controlled steel building located in Sendai is reported in this paper. Vibration monitoring system has been instrumented to test the effectiveness of dampers and actual performance of passively-controlled structures under earthquake since it was constructed in 2003. A data-driven stochastic subspace identification methodology with an alternative strategy to remove spurious modes is developed and implemented to the recorded actual earthquake response to extract dynamic properties of the passively-controlled eight-story steel building from the recorded floor acceleration data. Thus, the inherent damping characteristic of the building is identified under various earthquakes. Moreover, the variation of the estimated natural frequencies, mode shapes, and damping ratios for all the earthquake recordings are illustrated. To further investigate serviceability of the passively-controlled steel building during an earthquake, probabilistic model updating is developed to estimate the model parameters and infer the response of the structure based on the identified modes. Besides, seismic performance assessment of the passively-controlled steel building from the estimated dynamic characteristics and model parameters during service period is also discussed.

DOI： 10.1155/2023/8091965

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Other Link： http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/schm/2023/8091965.xml

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2023.108447

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.apm.2023.04.025

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

This article presents a novel passive patch antenna sensor for simultaneous crack and temperature sensing, and the antenna sensor has the ability of temperature self-compensation. The passive patch antenna sensor consists of an underlying patch and an overlapping sub-patch. The off-center feeding activates resonant modes in both transverse and longitudinal directions. The resonant frequency shift in transverse direction is used for environmental temperature sensing, while the structural crack width can be sensed by the longitudinal resonant frequency shift after temperature compensation. Furthermore, the unstressed design of the antenna can also eliminate the issue of incomplete strain transfer ratios. In this article, the relationships between the antenna resonant frequencies, the environmental temperature, and the structural crack width were studied. Simulations were conducted to determine the optimal off-center fed distance of the patch antenna sensor. Furthermore, a series of experimental tests were also conducted, where the passive patch antenna was fabricated and installed on the concrete components as well as an actual building. Continuous monitoring was performed for several days to test the temperature sensing ability of the passive patch antenna, and the sensed crack width after temperature compensation was compared with the actual results. The results of these experiments demonstrate the feasibility of using the passive patch antenna for simultaneous temperature and crack sensing.

DOI： 10.1177/14759217231184115

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Other Link： https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/14759217231184115

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  

DOI： 10.1109/jiot.2023.3240027

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jobe.2023.106004

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ymssp.2022.110020

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.12989/sss.2023.31.3.229

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

The south building of Huadong Hospital is a well-known historic building in Shanghai, China. In August 2021, the building was lifted by 1.30 m to correct the subsidence caused by long-term use and to expand the usable space of the building. To ensure structural safety during uplifting of the historic building, a structural health monitoring system is devised to monitor the overall status of the structure and the state of critical components. The structural health monitoring system comprises sensor, data acquisition, and data management systems. The content that is monitored includes vertical displacement, horizontal displacement, inclination, differential settlement, cracks, strains, and acceleration. The overview and uplifting scheme of the historic building are first introduced. The monitoring system’s design and sensor installation are then thoroughly discussed, followed by monitoring data analysis to investigate the state of the structure before and after uplifting. Furthermore, a structural safety assessment based on multisource monitoring data and neural networks is conducted. Huadong Hospital’s south building is currently the largest uplifted historic building in terms of construction area in China. The building’s structural health monitoring system played an exemplary and promoting role in structural health monitoring during uplifting of historic buildings, and it also has referential significance for similar engineering projects.

DOI： 10.1177/14759217221135351

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Other Link： https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/14759217221135351

Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.istruc.2022.12.046

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.soildyn.2022.107639

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  

DOI： 10.1109/tim.2023.3317380

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.measurement.2022.112095

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2022.107568

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

Within the framework of intelligent bridge detection, a number of crack detection methods based on image processing techniques have been implemented. In this study, a combined novel approach with deep learning of a single shot multibox detector (SSD) and the eight neighborhood algorithm is proposed and applied to bridge crack image identification to provide an automatic method for crack detection. First, a large number of concrete crack images collected from the site were segmented and preprocessed for the establishment of a crack image dataset. Deep learning of the SSD algorithm was introduced on the training set to establish the detection model, where the model parameters were adjusted by the validation set. Sliding window technology was integrated to identify the cracks in the test set. The effects of the sliding window size and dataset size on the crack detection results were discussed. Moreover, the eight neighborhood algorithm was adopted for further crack detection correction. The results show that the configuration achieves good crack detection by the deep learning of the SSD algorithm with high precision and recall. The introduction of the eight neighborhood correction algorithm further improves the detection results by eliminating some misjudged results. Finally, the developed algorithm was placed into a portable device, with which cracks were effectively identified. The introduced method shows significantly better performance in crack detection, and the system installed on the portable device provides a way to broaden its application in the automatic crack detection of concrete bridges.

DOI： 10.1177/00368504221128487

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Other Link： https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/00368504221128487

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Informa UK Limited  

DOI： 10.1080/13632469.2022.2104964

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IOP Publishing  

Abstract

This paper presents an off-center fed patch antenna for simultaneous crack and temperature sensing. The antenna sensor consists of an off-center fed underlying patch and an overlapping sub-patch. The bottom copper sheet of the sub-patch is tightly attached to the underlying radiation patch allowing the electric current to flow through the integrated patch. The off-center feeding can activate the resonant modes in both transverse and longitudinal directions. The transverse resonant frequencies of the combined patch are utilized for temperature sensing. Therefore, the crack width sensed by the longitudinal frequency shift can be adjusted, eliminating the temperature effect. In addition, this unstressed structure of the combined patch can avoid the issues of incomplete strain transfer ratio and the insufficient bonding strength of a monolithic antenna. The authors developed theoretical relationships between the antenna resonant frequencies, the temperature, and the crack width. They also developed simulations of the off-center fed patch antenna sensor as well as a series of experimental tests to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed sensor for simultaneous crack and temperature sensing.

DOI： 10.1088/1361-665x/ac80e0

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Other Link： https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-665X/ac80e0/pdf

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

Bolts are widely used in civil engineering, and the detection of bolt loosening is of great significance to ensure the safety of a structure. This paper introduces a new method for detecting bolt loosening using a customized detachable strain sensor based on a patch antenna. A patch antenna with overlapping sub-patch is proposed to measure the longitudinal elongation of the entire bolt shaft, indicating the loosening state of the bolt. When the bolt is fastened, the elongation of the bolt under tension will change the combined length of the underlying patch and the radiation sub-patch, consequently increasing or decreasing the resonant frequency of the antenna. The resonant frequency of the antenna can be measured by the vector network analyzer. Furthermore, with wireless interrogation of the strain sensor based on the patch antenna, the proposed method can also be used in the wireless detection of bolt loosening. The authors conducted a finite element analysis of the bolt and the electromagnetic simulations of the antenna. They designed the detection sensor and conducted a series of experimental tests to demonstrate how a bolt under different applied preloads can be effective and feasible under the proposed method.

DOI： 10.1177/14759217211055613

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Other Link： http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/14759217211055613

Authorship：Corresponding author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.measurement.2022.111605

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.measurement.2022.111591

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  

DOI： 10.1109/tim.2022.3194853

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.114308

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.measurement.2022.111206

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

DOI： 10.1002/tal.1924

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Other Link： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/tal.1924

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IOP Publishing  

Abstract

This paper presents an angle sensor based on a sector ring patch antenna (SRPA) for loose bolt detection. The sensor is comprised of two parts, a ring substrate sandwiched between a ground plane and a sector ring radiation patch, and a sector ring substrate covered by a radiation patch. The two radiation patches are partially overlapped and the overlapped areas are in contact allowing the electric current to flow within the combined radiation patch. The resonant cavity theory is adopted to explain the relationship between the frequency shift and the overlapped angle. The Ansoft high frequency structure simulator software is used to simulate SRPA, and the dimensional parameters of the antenna are optimized to make the antenna perform better. For verification, two sets of SRPAs are fabricated and tested.

DOI： 10.1088/1361-665x/ac55d9

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Other Link： https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-665X/ac55d9/pdf

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Science China Press., Co. Ltd.  

DOI： 10.1360/tb-2022-0055

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Other Link： https://engine.scichina.com/doi/10.1360/TB-2022-0055

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

DOI： 10.1002/stc.2855

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Other Link： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/stc.2855

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

DOI： 10.1002/stc.2803

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Other Link： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/stc.2803

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Hindawi Limited  

At present, the midstory isolation (MSI) technology has great potential for application in historical buildings’ retrofitting and multifunction buildings. The coupling effect due to the variability of the location of the isolation layer may amplify the structural seismic response and is required for in-depth analysis. This paper aims to evaluate the magnitude of the coupling effect and delimitate the region of the coupling effect to be considered. Based on the complex mode superposition method, the explicit formulas for calculating the random response of the simplified model are deduced. The root-mean-square (RMS) ratio of the shear force coefficient of the upper isolation system is adopted as the performance indicator to evaluate the coupling amplification effect of the MSI system. Parameter analysis indicates that the coupling region is closely related to the mass ratio and frequency ratio of the upper and lower structures to the isolation layer. In general, the region of the coupling effect to be considered can be divided into two parts according to parameters of frequency ratios, depending on the thresholds of the performance indicator. As the mass ratio of the upper isolation system to the entire system increases, one of the coupling regions shrinks and eventually disappears, indicating that the coupling amplification effect in this region can be neglected under certain conditions. Finally, the time-domain analysis of three representative numerical cases of MSI buildings was performed to verify the reliability of the results obtained from the frequency-domain analysis. The research results can provide technical guidance for the preliminary design of the MSI buildings.

DOI： 10.1155/2021/9382235

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Other Link： http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sv/2021/9382235.xml

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.measurement.2021.109279

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Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.12989/sss.2021.27.6.969

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Materials Research Forum LLC  

Abstract. Tuned mass dampers (TMD) are installed in base-isolated building to suppress the excessive isolator displacement and acceleration responses of primary structure. By incorporating an inerter element into the original configuration, the seismic performance of TMD is significantly enhanced. In this work, optimal solutions of tuned mass damper inerter (TMDI) for improving the seismic resilience of base-isolated building are proposed. The analytical formulations of optimal design of TMDI are respectively developed to minimize the H2 norm of the displacement of primary structure relative to the base floor and the isolator displacement. The performance of presented optimal methods are validated by using stationary responses under the stochastic excitations. Additionally, the seismic performance of TMDI with parameters obtained from the proposed method are compared with the established methods.

DOI： 10.21741/9781644901311-32

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Materials Research Forum LLC  

Abstract. When designing a building's active vibration control, it is necessary to properly evaluate the effect on the control effect caused by changes in vibration characteristics due to aging deterioration and damage. However, although the previous designs have certain robustness against changes in vibration characteristics, they have insufficient on these control effect. In this paper, we establish a method based on deep learning to identify changes in vibration characteristics. Using this method, we can achieve to prevent reduction of the active control effect.

DOI： 10.21741/9781644901311-26

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Materials Research Forum LLC  

Abstract. Seismic fragility analysis is essential for seismic risk assessment of structures. This study focuses on the damage probability assessment of the mid-story isolation buildings with different locations of the isolation system. To this end, the performance-based fragility analysis method of the mid-story isolation system is proposed, adopting the maximum story drifts of structures above and below the isolation layer and displacement of the isolation layer as performance indicators. Then, the entire process of the mid-story isolation system, from the initial elastic state to the elastic-plastic state, then to the limit state, is simulated on the basis of the incremental dynamic analysis method. Seismic fragility curves are obtained for mid-story isolation buildings with different locations of the isolation layer, each with fragility curves for near-field and far-field ground motions, respectively. The results indicate that the seismic fragility probability subjected to the near-field ground motions is much greater than those subjected to the far-field ground motions. In addition, with the increase of the location of the isolation layer, the dominant components for the failure of mid-story isolated structures change from superstructure and isolation system to substructure and isolation system.

DOI： 10.21741/9781644901311-31

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Materials Research Forum LLC  

Abstract. This study proposes a nonlinear cable model for the cable-bracing inerter system (CBIS). In a CBIS, cables are introduced to connect inerter systems and the structure for translation-to-rotation conversion. This CBIS employs an inerter element, a nonlinear cable bracing element and an additional damping element to utilize their synergy benefits. This paper aims to investigate the control effect of the nonlinear CBIS for high-rise buildings that are represented as bending-shear type models. First, a nonlinear inerter system is incorporated into a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system and the mechanical model is proposed. An optimum design method is then developed for a high-rise building system equipped with a CBIS and the time-history analyses are conducted to validate the control effect of the CBIS. It is concluded that the employment of a CBIS can substantially improve the structural performance. A genetic algorithm can be used to obtain optimal parameters of a CBIS, thereby more effectively reducing the dynamic response of high-rise buildings.

DOI： 10.21741/9781644901311-20

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)  

DOI： 10.1061/(asce)gm.1943-5622.0001947

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111550

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications Ltd  

DOI： 10.1177/14759217211021942

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

The damping estimation of an eight-story steel building equipped with oil dampers is examined, carried out by adopting a proposed framework, which consists of an enhanced strain-energy method and an improved direct method for model updating. The building is located at Tohoku Institute of Technology and is equipped with a structural monitoring system that measures its seismic response, including floor acceleration and displacement and force of oil dampers. The enhanced strain-energy method is first developed and employed to assess the supplemental damping and stiffness provided by oil dampers, herein quantified in the form of equivalent damping ratios and natural frequencies. Then, modal characteristics extracted from the earthquake measurements are modified accordingly and utilized for the building model updating, in which mass and stiffness matrices are corrected by the improved direct method. The updated model accurately reproduces the target modal data, especially measured mode participation factors, and is further used for the building response predictions. Through prediction validations, the precision of the modified modal parameters is verified. Finally, a large earthquake event is chosen to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework for the damping estimation of the investigated building.

DOI： 10.3390/app10248989

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Authorship：Corresponding author  

DOI： 10.16339/j.cnki.hdxbzkb.2020.11.008

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

The distributed long-gauge fiber Bragg grating sensing technology has been studied and developed in recent years for structural health monitoring of civil engineering structures. Also, the corresponding damage identification method is one of the research hotspots and still needs to be enhanced. In this article, a novel damage detection method based on the distributed long-gauge fiber Bragg grating sensing technique is proposed to detect and localize damages. The method is based on the advanced complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition adaptive noise algorithm. Measured macrostrain responses from the long-gauge fiber Bragg grating sensors are decomposed into intrinsic mode functions, and the quasi-static macrostrains are extrapolated and extracted. A damage indicator is therefore proposed and built based on the quasi-static macrostrain time history. The effectiveness of the proposed damage detection approach was validated by numerical simulations of a cantilever beam. The robustness of the method was further verified by considering the noise pollution contained within the measured macrostrain. Experiments with a practical cantilever steel beam with different damage scenarios were also conducted and studied. Results proved that the proposed method could not only detect but also locate the damages accurately, and therefore has the promising potential for structural damage detection in civil engineering.

DOI： 10.1177/1045389x20942320

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Other Link： http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/1045389X20942320

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Frontiers Media SA  

DOI： 10.3389/fmats.2020.00298

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Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

This paper presents a capacitive displacement sensor based on a capacitively fed inverted-F antenna (CFIFA) for displacement detection. The sensor is composed of a grounded L-shape patch and a rectangular upper patch, forming a capacitor between them. The asymmetric dipole model is adopted to explain the frequency shift and current distribution of the proposed antenna sensor at its first-order resonance. The numerical simulation of the CFIFA using the Ansoft high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software is carried out to optimize the dimensional parameters, allowing the antenna to perform better. Two sets of CFIFAs are fabricated and tested for verification. Results show that the CFIFA has a good linear relationship between its first resonant frequency and the relative displacement, and is capable of a long range of displacement measuring.

DOI： 10.3390/s20185310

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Language：Chinese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Science Press  

DOI： 10.14006/j.jzjgxb.2020.S1.038

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Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

This paper presents a passive wireless long-range displacement sensor that is based on the circular patch antenna, and the detecting range of the sensor can be customized. The sensor consists of a chipped circular antenna with two opened rectangular windows, a substrate, and a ground plate with a sloping channel. No bonding between the antenna and the ground plate allows for the chipped antenna to slide along the sloping channel. The channel will drive the current flow on the plate once the chip is activated, increasing the effective electrical length and, consequently, decreasing the resonant frequency of the circular antenna. The sensing mechanism equates the measuring displacement to the relative movement of the antenna with respect to the ground that achieves the measurement of long-range displacement and, thus, the proposed sensor can avoid stress damage to the antenna due to excessive deformation. Three different range sensors were simulated in the the Ansoft high frequency structure simulator (HFSS). The results show that the resonance frequency of the antenna has a linear relationship with the varying chute depth beneath the chip. Three sensors were fabricated, and the experimental results also validated that the sensitivity of the sensor can be adjusted.

DOI： 10.3390/s20174884

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Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

Inerter-based vibration control systems have been developed rapidly in recent years. However, previous studies mainly focus on the development of new devices and parameter optimization strategies, while ignoring the improvements in the utilization efficiency of the inerter system that the bracing system and novel installation methods may bring. In this paper, a cross-layer installed cable-bracing inerter system (CICBIS) is proposed to improve the utilization efficiency of the inerter system, which can cross more layers and is suitable for shear-type multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) structures. A demand-based cable-bracing inerter system (CBIS) design method is developed. The mass enhancement and utilization efficiency improvement of the inerter system caused by the cross-layer installation are quantified through calculating the effective inerter-mass ratio of the CBIS-equipped MDOF structure. A 10-story benchmark structure is used to verify the control performance of the CICBIS and the design method. The analysis results show that the proposed design method can exert the cable-bracing system’s adjustability and the damping enhancement of the inerter system. The CICBIS can reduce the total apparent mass and damping coefficient requirements of the inerter systems without increasing the control force. It means that the proposed design method is effective, and the CICBIS has a high efficiency.

DOI： 10.3390/app10175914

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.14006/j.jzjgxb.2018.0731

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

Based on the classical Timoshenko beam theory, the rotary inertia caused by shear deformation is further considered and then the equation of motion of the Timoshenko beam theory is modified. The dynamic characteristics of this new model, named the modified Timoshenko beam, have been discussed, and the distortion of natural frequencies of Timoshenko beam is improved, especially at high-frequency bands. The effects of different cross-sectional types on natural frequencies of the modified Timoshenko beam are studied, and corresponding simulations have been conducted. The results demonstrate that the modified Timoshenko beam can successfully be applied to all beams of three given cross sections, i.e., rectangular, rectangular hollow, and circular cross sections, subjected to different boundary conditions. The consequence verifies the validity and necessity of the modification.

DOI： 10.3390/app10155245

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

Due to the increased service life, environmental corrosion, unreasonable construction, and other issues, local defects inevitably exist in civil structures, which affect the structural performance and can lead to structural failure. However, research on grout defect identification of precast reinforced concrete frame structures with rebars spliced by sleeves faces great challenges owing to the complexity of the problem. This study presents a multiple-variable spatiotemporal regression model algorithm to identify local defects based on structural vibration responses collected using a sensor network. First, numerical simulations were carried out on precast beam–column connection models by comparing the identification results based on a single-variable regression model, two-variable spatial regression model, and two-variable spatiotemporal regression model; furthermore, a multiple-variable spatiotemporal regression model was proposed and robustness analysis of the damage indicator was carried out. Then, to explore the validity of the proposed method, a nondestructive vibration experiment was considered on a half-scaled, two-floor, precast concrete frame structure with column rebars spliced by defective grout sleeves. The results show that local defects were successfully identified based on a multiple-variable spatiotemporal regression model.

DOI： 10.3390/s20113264

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

Due to the uncertainties originating from the underlying physical model, material properties and the measurement data in fatigue crack growth (FCG) processing, the prediction of fatigue crack growth lifetime is still challenging. The objective of this paper was to investigate a methodology for uncertainty quantification in FCG analysis and probabilistic remaining useful life prediction. A small-timescale growth model for the fracture mechanics-based analysis and predicting crack-growth lifetime is studied. A stochastic collocation method is used to alleviate the computational difficulties in the uncertainty quantification in the small-timescale model-based FCG analysis, which is derived from tensor products based on the solution of deterministic FCG problems on sparse grids of collocation point sets in random space. The proposed method is applied to the prediction of fatigue crack growth lifetime of Al7075-T6 alloy plates and verified by fatigue crack-growth experiments. The results show that the proposed method has the advantage of computational efficiency in uncertainty quantification of remaining life prediction of FCG.

DOI： 10.3390/met10050646

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

DOI： 10.1002/stc.2523

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Other Link： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/stc.2523

Authorship：Lead author  

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20170802

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

The strain sensor based on microwave patch antenna is proposed to monitor structural strain in structural health monitoring. When patch antenna experiences deformation, the resonant frequency of patch antenna will shift. With these characteristics, the patch antenna can operate as both the strain-sensing element and communication component. This article chooses an RT-5880 rectangular patch antenna for strain measurement, focusing on its sensing performance. For distinguishing the influence of deformation in the antenna’s length direction and width direction, the numerical simulation is implemented, and then two kinds of laboratory experiments are conducted. The first approach is to paste antennas in longitudinal and transverse ways and solve the equation set. The other approach is to design another patch antenna with narrow width and compare the test results with the wide one. All results show that the influence of deformation in wide direction on sensitivity can be neglected, and the resonant frequency shift has a good linear relationship with the strain of antenna in length direction.

DOI： 10.1177/1550147720908192

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Other Link： http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/1550147720908192

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)  

DOI： 10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0001366

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

With the rapid development of subway systems, the negative environmental impacts of vibration induced by subways has gradually become a research hotspot. For the purpose of developing predictive models of vibration and designing effective vibration mitigation systems, continuous field dynamic measurements were conducted simultaneously in a subway tunnel, ground, and building in eastern China, the most prosperous region in China. The characteristics of vibration transmission and attenuation induced by subway were analyzed by statistical analysis of large amounts of measurement data. The results showed that most prominent and visible attenuation of vibration is from the track to the ballast bed in the tunnel, where the ground-borne vibration would quickly decrease exponentially with distance. The results also showed that the measured attenuation value of indoor vibration was approximate 0.76 dB on average between each floor. Moreover, the decay ratio of the vibration increased with the increase in the frequency range. Based on these findings, construction gauge of 20–25 m outside of the tunnel is recommended. In addition, reducing the vibration source excitation intensity is the most effective vibration isolation method, especially by track structural transformation.

DOI： 10.3390/su11236835

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

The uncertainty in parameter estimation arises from structural systems’ input and output measured errors and from structural model errors. An experimental verification of the shuffled complex evolution metropolis algorithm (SCEM-UA) for identifying the optimal parameters of structural systems and estimating their uncertainty is presented. First, the estimation framework is theoretically developed. The SCEM-UA algorithm is employed to search through feasible parameters’ space and to infer the posterior distribution of the parameters automatically. The resulting posterior parameter distribution then provides the most likely estimation of parameter sets that produces the best model performance. The algorithm is subsequently validated through both numerical simulation and shaking table experiment for estimating the parameters of structural systems considering the uncertainty of available information. Finally, the proposed algorithm is extended to identify the uncertain physical parameters of a nonlinear structural system with a particle mass tuned damper (PTMD). The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively estimate parameters with uncertainty for nonlinear structural systems, and it has a stronger anti-noise capability. Notably, the SCEM-UA method not only shows better global optimization capability compared with other heuristic optimization methods, but it also has the ability to simultaneously estimate the uncertainties associated with the posterior distributions of the structural parameters within a single optimization run.

DOI： 10.3390/app9224959

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

Monolithic patch antennas for deformation measurements are designed to be stressed. To avoid the issues of incomplete strain transfer ratio and insufficient bonding strength of stressed antennas, this paper presents a passive wireless crack sensor based on an unstressed patch antenna. The rectangular radiation patch of the proposed sensor is partially covered by a radiation sub-patch, and the overlapped length between them will induce the resonate frequency shift representing the crack width. First, the cavity model theory is adopted to show how the resonant frequencies of the crack sensor are related to the overlapped length between the patch antenna and the sub-patch. This phenomenon is further verified by numerical simulation using the Ansoft high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS), and results show a sensitivity of 120.24 MHz/mm on average within an effective measuring range of 1.5 mm. One prototype of proposed sensor was fabricated. The experiments validated that the resonant frequency shifts are linearly proportional to the applied crack width, and the resolution is suitable for crack width measuring.

DOI： 10.3390/s19194327

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

The Mahavira Hall of the Jade Buddha Temple in Shanghai, China is a century-old traditional timber structure with a post-and-lintel construction. To improve the temple’s architectural layout and enhance the lintel structural integrity, the Mahavira Hall was moved 30.66 m and then elevated 1.05 m in September 2017. To assist in the structural translocation and uplift, the authors designed a monitoring system to continuously measure the relative displacement and inclination of the overall structure, individual components, and inside statues to ensure the integrity of the hall and its contents. This article presents and summarizes the priority issues and principles of monitoring the ancient Chinese timber structure. The time series of monitored data are decimated in order to minimize the fluctuation of data. The structural integrity of the Mahavira Hall was evaluated based on the inclination angle of its vital members. Finally, combined with the limit value regulated by code and the predicted early warning threshold values, which are based on extreme value theory, the effect of the translocation on the structural performance was obtained using fuzzy logic.

DOI： 10.3390/su11195477

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

In this paper, cables are proposed to connect the inerter and main frame for translation-to-rotation conversion, i.e., the cable-bracing inerter system (CBIS), with a magnified mass and enhanced damping effect. This novel configuration has the benefits of deformation relaxation at the connecting joints, easy installation, and an adaptive layout for nonconsecutive-story deployment. Dynamic motion equations were established for a single degree-of-freedom (SDOF) model equipped with a CBIS. The influence of dimensionless parameters, such as inertance-mass ratio, stiffness ratio and additional damping ratio on vibration mitigation were studied in terms of displacement response and force output. A single objective and multiple objective optimal design method were developed for a CBIS-equipped structure based on a performance-oriented design framework. Finally, the mitigation effect was illustrated and verified by a numerical simulation in a time-domain. The results showed that a CBIS is an effective structural response mitigation device used to mitigate the response of structural systems under earthquake excitation. Using the proposed optimization method, CBIS parameters can be effectively designed to satisfy the target vibration control level.

DOI： 10.3390/app9194096

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.probengmech.2019.103001

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jcsr.2019.06.019

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.05.055

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

This paper presents a passive displacement sensor based on a normal mode helical antenna. The sensor consists of an external helical antenna and an inserting dielectric rod. First, the perturbation theory is adopted to demonstrate that both the electric intensity and magnetic intensity have a noticeable gradient change within the in-and-out entrance of the helical antenna, which will cause the sensor to experience a resonant frequency shift. This phenomenon was further verified by numerical simulation using the Ansoft high frequency structure simulator (HFSS), and results show the linear correlation between the retrieved resonant frequency and the displacement. Two sets of proposed sensors were fabricated. The experiments validated that the resonant frequency shifts are linearly proportional to the applied displacement, and the sensing range can be adjusted to accommodate the user’s needs.

DOI： 10.3390/s19173767

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IOP Publishing  

DOI： 10.1088/1361-665x/ab2834

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Other Link： http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-665X/ab2834/pdf

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.05.022

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.04.050

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.04.096

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Institute of Physics Publishing  

DOI： 10.1088/1755-1315/283/1/012061

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Institute of Physics Publishing  

DOI： 10.1088/1755-1315/283/1/012059

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.01.119

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

DOI： 10.1002/ese3.305

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Other Link： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/ese3.305

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Science China Press., Co. Ltd.  

DOI： 10.1360/n092018-00115

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.11.016

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt  

This paper presents an experimental verification of the statistical time-series methods, which utilize adapted frequency response ratio (FRR), autoregressive (AR) model parameter and AR model residual as performance characteristics, for diagnosing the damage of wind turbine blades. Specifically, the statistical decision-making techniques are used to identify the status patterns from turbine vibration data. For experiments, a small-size, laboratory-used operating wind turbine structure is used. The performance of each method in diagnosing damages simulated by saw cut in three critical positions in the blade are assessed and compared. The experimental results show that these methods yielded a promising damage diagnosis capability in the condition monitoring of wind turbine.

DOI： 10.1142/s021945541940008x

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

Since physical parameters are much more sensitive than modal parameters, structural parameter identification with an extended Kalman filter (EKF) has received extensive attention in structural health monitoring for civil engineering structures. In this paper, EKF-based parameter identification technique is studied with numerical and experimental approaches. A four-degree-of-freedom (4-DOF) system is simulated and analyzed as an example. Different integration methods are examined and their influence to the final identification results of the structural stiffness and damping is also studied. Furthermore, the effect of different kinds of noise is studied as well. Identification results show that the convergence speed and estimation accuracy under Gaussian noises are better than those under non-Gaussian noises. Finally, experiments with a five-story steel frame are conducted to verify the damage identification capacity of the EKF. The results show that stiffness with different damage degrees can be identified effectively, which indicates that the EKF is capable of being applied for damage identification and health monitoring for civil engineering structures.

DOI： 10.3390/app8122480

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

DOI： 10.1007/s11709-017-0447-1

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Other Link： http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11709-017-0447-1.pdf

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

DOI： 10.1007/s11709-017-0434-6

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Other Link： http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11709-017-0434-6.pdf

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Emerald  

<sec>
<title content-type="abstract-subheading">Purpose</title>
This paper aims to develop a comprehensive uncertainty quantification method using evidence theory for Park–Ang damage index-based performance design in which epistemic uncertainties are considered. Various sources of uncertainty emanating from the database of the cyclic test results of RC members provided by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center are taken into account.


</sec>
<sec>
<title content-type="abstract-subheading">Design/methodology/approach</title>
In this paper, an uncertainty quantification methodology based on evidence theory is presented for the whole process of performance-based seismic design (PBSD), while considering uncertainty in the Park–Ang damage model. To alleviate the burden of high computational cost in propagating uncertainty, the differential evolution interval optimization strategy is used for efficiently finding the propagated belief structure throughout the whole design process.


</sec>
<sec>
<title content-type="abstract-subheading">Findings</title>
The investigation results of this paper demonstrate that the uncertainty rooted in Park–Ang damage model have a significant influence on PBSD design and evaluation. It might be worth noting that the epistemic uncertainty present in the Park–Ang damage model needs to be considered to avoid underestimating the true uncertainty.


</sec>
<sec>
<title content-type="abstract-subheading">Originality/value</title>
This paper presents an evidence theory-based uncertainty quantification framework for the whole process of PBSD.


</sec>

DOI： 10.1108/ec-11-2017-0466

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Other Link： https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/EC-11-2017-0466/full/html

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

Thin-walled section beams have Brazier effect to exhibit a nonlinear response to bending moments, which is a geometric nonlinearity problem and different from eigenvalue problem. This paper is aimed at investigating the Brazier effect in thin-walled angle-section beams subjected to pure bending about its weak axis. The derivation using energy method is presented to predict the maximum bending moment and section deformation. Both numerical analyses and experimental results were used to show the validity of the proposed formula. Numerical results show that the boundary condition can influence the results due to the end effect, and that the influence tends to be negligible when the length of angle beam goes up to 30 times as the length of beam side. When the collapse in experiments is governed by Brazier flattening, the moment vs. curvature curve deviates significantly from the linear beam theory, but coincides well with the proposed formula in consideration of the restraint due to limited span of experimental setup. It can be concluded that the proposed formula shows good agreement with numerical results and experimental results.

DOI： 10.3390/su10093047

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Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

DOI： 10.1177/1550147718786888

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Other Link： http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/1550147718786888

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.probengmech.2018.05.001

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Chinese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Nanjing University of Aeronautics an Astronautics  

DOI： 10.16450/j.cnki.issn.1004-6801.2018.01.021

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jweia.2017.10.011

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2017.03.004

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

DOI： 10.1177/1687814016685964

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Other Link： http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/1687814016685964

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Informa UK Limited  

In this paper, an adaptive immune clone selection algorithm for multi-objective optimization (AICSAMO) is proposed. A novel adaptive polynomial mutation operator with dynamic mutation probability is employed in AICSAMO. This adaptive mutation operator executes a rapid global search at the earlier stage of the algorithm and a fine-tuning search at the later stage of the algorithm, which adopts generation-dependent parameters to improve the convergence speed and global optimum searching ability. The effectiveness of AICSAMO is evaluated through the truss sizing and shape optimization problems of a 10-bar plane truss and a 25-bar space truss. According to the comparison of AICSAMO with various multi-objective optimization algorithms developed recently, the simulation results illustrate that AICSAMO has remarkable performance in finding a wider spread of optimal solutions and in maintaining better uniformity of the solutions with better convergence.

DOI： 10.3130/jaabe.15.557

CiNii Research

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

DOI： 10.1177/1369433216643250

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Other Link： http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/1369433216643250

Authorship：Lead author  

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/icphm.2016.7542857

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Informa UK Limited  

DOI： 10.3130/jaabe.15.303

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Informa UK Limited  

DOI： 10.3130/jaabe.14.241

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IGI Global  

This paper introduces a novel swarm intelligence based algorithm named comprehensive learning particle swarm optimization (CLPSO) to identify parameters of structural systems, which could be formulated as a multi-modal numerical optimization problem with high dimension. With the new strategy in this variant of particle swarm optimization (PSO), historical best information for all other particles is used to update a particle's velocity. This means that the particles have more exemplars to learn from, as well as have a larger potential space to fly, avoiding premature convergence. Simulation results for identifying the parameters of a five degree-of-freedom (DOF) structural system under conditions including limited output data, noise polluted signals, and no prior knowledge of mass, damping, or stiffness are presented to demonstrate improved estimation of these parameters by the CLPSO when compared with those obtained from standard PSO. In addition, the efficiency and applicability of the proposed method are experimentally examined by a twelve-story shear building shaking table model.

DOI： 10.4018/ijncr.2015040101

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Informa UK Limited  

DOI： 10.3130/jaabe.14.181

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece  

DOI： 10.7712/120215.4264.751

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.  

The buckling load or the equivalent buckling length factor of the portal frame structures is greatly influenced by stiffness of bracing elements and semi-rigid connections. In engineering the problem parameters (geometrical, material, strength, and manufacturing) are given or considered with uncertainties. The initial rotation stiffness uncertainties are taken into consideration. A differential evolution-based computational strategy for the representation of epistemic uncertainty in a system with evidence theory is developed. An uncertainty quantification analysis for the buckling load of portal frames with semi-rigid connections is presented herein to demonstrate accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.

DOI： 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.663.130

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Techno-Press  

DOI： 10.12989/sss.2013.11.1.069

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Language：Chinese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Scopus

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

DOI： 10.1155/2012/459590

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Other Link： http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1155/2012/459590

Language：Chinese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Scopus

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1142/S1793431111001030

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Informa UK Limited  

DOI： 10.3130/jaabe.10.195

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Scopus

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ymssp.2010.03.012

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：Chinese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Informa UK Limited  

DOI： 10.3130/jaabe.8.517

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Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

DOI： 10.1177/1475921708094794

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：DEStech Publications  

Scopus

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.compstruc.2008.05.001

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Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Informa UK Limited  

DOI： 10.3130/jaabe.7.355

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Language：Chinese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Scopus

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1109/CEC.2008.4630778

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.05.017

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Concrete Institute  

DOI： 10.3151/crt1990.18.2_49

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)  

DOI： 10.1061/(asce)0887-3801(2007)21:1(47)

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：DEStech Publications  

Scopus

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：EUCENTRE  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：EUCENTRE  

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.03.008

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Language：Chinese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Scopus

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Language：Chinese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Scopus

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.02.019

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Informa UK Limited  

DOI： 10.3130/jaabe.5.137

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Springer Verlag  

DOI： 10.1007/11759966_77

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

DOI： 10.1007/bf03246251

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Other Link： http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF03246251/fulltext.html

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

DOI： 10.1007/bf03246252

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Other Link： http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF03246252/fulltext.html

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Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IOP Publishing  

DOI： 10.1088/0964-1726/14/3/015

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Language：Chinese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Scopus

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

DOI： 10.1007/bf02438363

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Other Link： http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02438363/fulltext.html

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

DOI： 10.1007/bf02438287

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Other Link： http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02438287/fulltext.html

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Language：Chinese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Scopus

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1002/(sici)1097-0363(20000115)32:1<69::aid-fld929>3.0.co;2-i

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/bf02458539

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Other Link： http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02458539/fulltext.html

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(1997)123:4(322)

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

DOI： 10.3130/aija.61.133

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

Studies on the attenuation characteristics of soil-structure interaction system are very important problem. Fading memory theory is used to study the attenuation of seismic wave of the interaction system in this paper. The relations and differences from fading memory theory to other attenuation model were investigated by theoretical and numerical analysis. In order to study the attenuation characteristics of interaction system consisting of structure and viscoelastic medium with fading memory, boundary element method(BEM) was used. The fading memory function of three types were considered respectively. The numerical results of interaction system response were given. Influence of fading memory function on the impedance function and driving force of interaction system has been discussed. This study is expected to be helpful in understanding attenuation characteristics of interaction system consisting of structure and medium.

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(1994)120:3(419)

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

The principle aim of this study and the previous one is to apply the fuzzy theory, in particular fuzzy control theory, to active vibration control in buildings. In such applications, setting up the fuzzy rules and the membership function is critical. Other studies and our previous one use the constant membership function during control time. For the purpose to obtain more precise control results, using such constant one is not suitable when the input is variable. This is especially true when the input is an earthquake. With this in mind, in part 2 we discuss a time-varying membership function and also present examples using this function.

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Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

DOI： 10.3130/aijsx.454.0_9

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(1992)118:8(1597)

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

A study on optimally active vibration control of building, by using Fuzzy control methods, has been presented. To obtain a limited response result of building vibration during earthquake input, or to grasp the reasonably necessary control energy, the suitable parameters of membership functions are discussed (examined), based on some different fuzzy control rules. It is clearly shown by some simulations that if the conditioned purpose of building vibration was given, then the membership function is possible for optimal vibration control.

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

DOI： 10.3130/aijsx.437.0_59

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

Nearly all the studies on wave propagation along piles have not considered the radial displacement caused by axial displacement. Such displacement is suggested to be important because only with this the pressure of soil around the pile can be investigated. Thus a new linear partial differential equation for axial wave propagation in a linear elastic pile has been developed in this paper, where the radial displacement due to Poisson's ratio is taken into account. It is clear that the radial displacement takes dispersive role. The theoretical solution is derived while the pressure and friction are both assumed to be linear. Simulations for sine wave input are also shown.

CiNii Research

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CiNii Research

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Language：English   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

CiNii Research

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

DOI： 10.3130/aijsx.407.0_79

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

DOI： 10.3130/aijsx.417.0_101

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

DOI： 10.3130/aijsx.414.0_47

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

DOI： 10.3130/aijsx.406.0_45

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

DOI： 10.3130/aijsx.401.0_47

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

CiNii Research

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CiNii Research

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