Language：Japanese   Publisher：Housing Research Foundation "JUSOKEN"  

From a survey of co-assisted-type disaster public housing built in the affected area from the Great East Japan Earthquake, it become clear that in order to establish “co-assistant,” it is necessary for residents to understand to support each other, for residents not to care for each other more than necessary, and spacial features such as richness and visibility of common areas contribute to communication among residents and to prevent isolation, while interference between the personal and public spheres can lead to problems in human relations.

DOI： 10.20803/jusokenronbunjisen.49.0_249

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J-GLOBAL

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

<p> Some nursing homes for the elderly provide a high level of nursing care for residents, and they are taking increased responsibilities as the places for end-of-life care. However, the actual state of facilities as the places for end-of-life care is not fully understood, and in particular, it has not been thoroughly discussed or analyzed from a spatial perspective. In this study, it is aimed to clarify the state of nursing homes for the elderly as 'one's final abode' and problems in facility development plans. It is also aimed to further develop the concept of nursing homes for the elderly, which has presently changed from a simple 'place of nursing care' to a 'place of living' and to clarify the optimal state of nursing homes for the elderly when perceived as 'one's final abode' from the viewpoint of architectural planning. The survey was performed by twice questionnaire survys at all nursing homes for the elderly in the Tohoku, Kanto, and Chugoku regions. Additionally, on-site interviews and supplementary questionnaires regarding facility room usage were conducted.</p><p> The main results are as follows:</p><p> (1) It is clarified the state of nursing homes for the elderly as the places for end-of-life care. Furthermore, we found differences in the approach to end-of-life care among the facilities and regional characteristics.</p><p> (2) It is found differences in responding to end-of-life care as well as room usage during the process between conventional-type nursing homes with two- or four-bed rooms and unit-type nursing homes with private rooms.</p><p> (3) Total average of the percentage of death in the facility was about 56%, an increase of about over 10% compared to 20 years ago own survey. The difference between the prefectures is also large, nearly 25%. In the conventional type and the unit type, the conventional type had about 57% death in the facility and the unit type about 52%. In other words, the percentage of died in facilities was high in conventional multi-bed type facilities.</p><p> (4) In addition to the fact that individual private rooms contribute to the protection of everyday privacy and improved lifestyle, they enable end-of-life care to take place as an extension of one's life. In other words, there is no need to change rooms when end-of-life is approaching, and one can live in their own room until the end.</p><p> (5) The actual conditions of use of the rest room and the mortuary varied depending on the facilities. Also, it became clear that the residential private room also plays the role of a rest room and a morgue.</p><p> (6) It became clear that each facility is performing various devices and considerations on the environmental aspect in end-of-life care. There was a need to arrange space or room that could accommodate the family's attendants and staying.</p><p> (7) It became clear that active cooperation of a general medical doctor, awareness sharing of staff including nurses, and experience are very important in practice of end-of life care in a facility.</p><p> (8) It is clarified the optimal state of nursing homes for the elderly and the approach in preparing facility spaces based on their roles as the places for end-of-life care.</p>

DOI： 10.3130/aija.84.2523

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Other Link： https://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=625322

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

&nbsp;This study aims to quantify the structural damages, evacuation situation, and utility interruptions caused to facilities for the elderly in the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake. We gathered data by administering a questionnaire to all facilities for the elderly in Kumamoto and Oita prefectures, and a series of interviews administered at 17 facilities in the Kumamoto prefecture. The results are as follows:<br>&nbsp;1) The foreshock caused structural damages in 56.2% and 16.1% of facilities in the Kumamoto and Oita prefectures, respectively. Further, the main earthquake caused structural damages in 69.2% and 21.4% facilities in the Kumamoto and Oita prefectures, respectively. The interior and exterior walls and ceilings were found to be cracked, and some furniture were damaged, while the interior of one of the facilities was severely damaged by flooding because of a sprinkler malfunction. After the foreshock, in most facilities, the furniture was damaged because it was not fixed to the walls. To ensure less damage after the foreshock, most facilities took precautions such as putting tall furniture on the floor and moving the residents' beds to a safe space.<br>&nbsp;2) According to the interview survey, most of three facilities to which evacuees temporarily fled from outside the facilities, and they returned to the facilities in the following morning after staying a night in vehicles. Evacuation to other facilities was made at only two facilities of GH. At four facilities, most of which were nursing homes, residents gathered in a space. At unit-type nursing homes, residents gathered in a dining room and a hallway within a unit, and at old type nursing homes, residents gathered in a functional recovery training room and an elevator hall. The number of residents per room changed at only one unit type nursing home.<br>&nbsp;3) According to the questionnaire survey, electricity was lost in 21.4% of the facilities, water supply was lost in 25.3% of the facilities, gas outage was observed in 55.6% of the facilities, with 12.1% of propane gas outage, and 6.3% of facilities suffered from sewage drainage stops. According to the interview survey, no facilities experienced a serious shortage of food because relief supplies became available and procurement became possible after a few days of subsistence with their food stock.<br>&nbsp;4) About a quarter of the facilities (29.5%) accepted evacuees who needed care, and 17.6% accepted general evacuees by the questionnaire survey. The interview survey found that there were many cases where local residents evacuated their homes because they felt uneasy about the aftershocks following the foreshock, and no facilities clearly differentiated required assistances from general evacuees when they accepted evacuees, and the facilities used their community regional common space, entrance hall, and annexed day service floor as an evacuation space.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.83.1645

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Housing Research Foundation "JUSOKEN"  

Soma-idobatanagaya was built as the only group home type housing aiming for co-assistant among residents as a disaster public housing for the elderly after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Although the situation of assistance after moving in depends on the strength of previous relationships of residents, the relationship has changed due to the aging of residents. Also, the form of housing, the placement on the site, the relationship with the orientation affects the daily use of the co-assisted space. Furthermore, not only among residents but also families and acquaintances is supporting the lives of residents.

DOI： 10.20803/jusokenronbunjisen.45.0_95

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：厚生労働統計協会  

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2015402986

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

According to a questionnaire survey of the facilities for the elderly in Miyagi and Iwate, 95.4% of them suffered building and site damage. Tsunami had a greater impact than earthquake intensity. 31 facilities were struck by tsunami, and elderly were killed or missing at eight of them. The high percentage of tsunami attacks on small-sized multifunctional in-home care linked to the high percentage of &ldquo;completely destroyed&rdquo;. Land development was linked to site damage. 63.0% of nursing homes and health services facilities for the aged had developed lands, and these were linked to the high percentage of site damage.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.78.1891

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

The aim of this study is to clarify the damages and the Business Continuity caused by The Great East Japan Earthquake about facilities for the elderly through visiting and interview survey. The results are as follows; 1) Residents in community-based facilities evacuated from tsunami were using cars. Those in large-scale facilities evacuated to the upper floors using the staircases being carried by care staff. 2) Residents in facilities, their rooms' windows or sprinklers were broken caused by the earthquake, were forced to evacuate to another floors or buildings. 3) Even in the facilities with no or less damaged, the care system had to be changed and the residents were forced to move to another room in the same facilities for a certain period of time. This was caused for providing accommodation for refugees in the area, lifeline cutoff and staff shortages.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.78.1733

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

DOI： 10.3130/aijt.18.1023

Scopus

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

The purpose of this research is to clarify the situation of space maintenance of unit type elderly-people living and nursing accommodations, and the feature of space composition through layout plan view analysis. The unit type welfare and healthcare facilities for the elderly requiring the long-term care, sum total about 2,000 institutions which are all over the country were collected, and it analyzed and considered. The installation situation of the equipment in connection with everyday life, such as the feature of the whole composition of institutions, the feature of the space composition of unit space, a toilet, a bathroom, etc. in a unit type institution, etc. became clear from the result. The situation where the toilet installation to a bed room, the bathroom installation to a unit, etc. were progressing every year also became clear from many years past analysis. Furthermore, the difference of the status of preparation by an all-prefectures and ordinance-designated city exception also became clear. In addition to an understanding and plan of the unit care of a management person or a designer, the plan of the autonomous department specializing in maintenance and the state of instruction clarified the actual condition which has had influence not a little.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.76.531

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

This study focuses on the PFI supporting organizations in United Kingdom and their supporting activities toward the public clients, which include central government departments and local authorities in UK. By comparing their support in public procurement aspect and architectural design aspect with that of Japan, there is a clear structure in UK PFI support system, the Regulation Control System, which is to do with the central government reviewing projects in relation to their policy and programmes, and the Planning Support System, which is to do with supporting local authorities' actual PFI projects.<br>By scrutinizing the two PFI public library projects in UK and in Japan, there is also a difference in procurement structure in a relationship between the architect, the client and the contractor in designing process.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.75.2561

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

The purpose of this research is a clear about the care activity of the night shift care staff of unit type nursing home, the actual condition, and the feature of space use. In night shift care with a unit type institution, there is the feature of taking charge of two units in the one staff. The fundamental knowledge tied to the space plan of a unit type institution is acquired by clarifying aspect of movement between the staff's units, and aspect of stay of a night shift time zone. Investigation was conducted in four institutions. The investigator accompanied the night shift staff by man-to-man, and the night shift staff's care activities and use space were recorded for every minute from 10:00 to 7:00 of the next morning night. In night shift care, the actual conditions, like excretion care accounts for 20 to 30 percent, and businesslike acts, such as record, account for 20 to 30 percent became clear. The difference of the rate of each institution and the difference between the staff also became clear. The following points became clear about space stay. (1) Stay in a bed-room accounts for 30 to 50 percent. (2) With an institution without the care base station, stay in the living of one unit increases and deviation comes to be looked at by the stay situation between two units which it takes charge of. (3) With an institution with a station, that serves as a base of stay, and two units go round uniformly and stay.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.75.2315

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

The aim of this study is to clarify the architectural features of community base small multi care facilities from layout plan view analysis. Investigation performed the questionnaire including the request of the institution plan view for 908 facilities. The collection rate was 27.4 percent. The results are following.<br>(1) The rate of &ldquo;all private rooms&rdquo; was 39.8 %.<br>(2) As for living and dining area, 3 to 4 sq m per person occupied many.<br>(3) The width of a corridor, area of bathrooms or lavatories in the practical use of existing house were narrower than an ideal value.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.75.2307

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：東北工業大学新技術創造研究センター  

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

The aims of this paper is acquiring planned knowledge through present and actual condition grasp of &ldquo;community base small multi care facilities&rdquo; which is a place to support the aged people requiring care of being home that was newly appeared by the public-nursing-care-insurance revision in April, 2006. Investigation is based on the actual condition grasp investigation by the questionnaire in a nationwide scale. The management of institutions and the actual condition of a construction outline which have been just institutionalized became clear. Since there are many examples using especially the existing building, it is necessary to grasp from now on in nearby details, such as the method of practical use of the existing building, and a subject in that case. Moreover, since the state of the space composition of &ldquo;visiting&rdquo; and &ldquo;night staying&rdquo; portion, the kind of compound function, etc. are also the points which lead to the state of the plan of the facilities directly, analysis is advanced and pursuit of a planned subject and pursuit of planned knowledge are needed.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.74.17

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Language：English   Publisher：一般社団法人日本建築学会  

This is Part 1 of our basic study of &amp;ldquo;the Home-Environment of Peruvian Immigrants of Japanese Descent in Japan.&amp;rdquo; The study objective is determination of the trends and characteristics of Peruvian immigrants&#039; adaptation to their new home environment in Japan. It investigates how these recent immigrants have organized their own lives to build for themselves a new place to call home. This paper specifically aggregates and analyzes personal changes that occur when an immigrant moves to a new environment. Since amendment of the Japanese Immigration Act in 1991, more than 50,000 Peruvians of Japanese Descent (&lt;i&gt;Nikkeijin&lt;/i&gt;) have relocated to Japan. Now that more than 15 years have passed, we can evaluate the degree to which and the manner in which these immigrants have adjusted to conditions in Japan, and which courses this process can take. Based on a questionnaire survey and a survey of private living spaces, we have established correlations between immigrants&#039; adaptation to Japanese society and their relation to their respective home environments. We found correlations between immigrants&#039; attitudes and their residential and living environments.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.73.1165

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This research tends to clarify the actual condition and subject based on the case research of the rental housing only for elderly people. The special rental housing only for elderly people is employed under the same system as a common residence, does not almost have regulation compared with the conventional institution, a private nursing home, etc., is with thing of flexible from and can be developed in accordance with the various services including habitation and care. It is capturing the spotlight from the private company especially. This time, it investigated in four residences (a type is two sorts). They are the questionnaire which asked that elderly housing was asked from the person who wished moving in to a resident's survey (the circumstances of moving in, and life after mobbing in) in Example A, and also a questionnaire about the physical condition of a total of 131 residents and moving-in circumstances in Example B. From the user actual condition which became clear from investigation, it was shown that it is a residence of a form completely different, respectively. Example A was a self-independent type, it begin a type corresponding to early removal needs and Example B were care needed types, and it became clear to have played the nursing home role to a user without the place to go to after hospital leaving hospital etc. The conclusion has described that the living environment maintenance after taking into consideration that it is a &ldquo;residence&rdquo; to the last is called for.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.73.963

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：東北工業大学新技術創造研究センター  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：東北工業大学新技術創造研究センター  

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

Improvement of the quality of the environment and improving the quality of life by the individual care, etc. are being attempted nursing home for the aged. However, there is some actuality that type of facilities or the form brings differences of life and nursing care. For four facilities, by grasping the actual condition of each life and nursing care from the relation with quantity of care-worker, the purpose of this study clarifies it. Investigation carried out at one traditional-model nursing home for the aged, two new-model "unit-type" nursing homes and one group living for the elderly with dementia. Space usage and action observation of the residents and nursing staffs have done away with main research method. In the following, got conclusion is summarized. (1) There was not large difference in the physical situation of the user at each facility. (2) In the traditional-model facilities, there are many stays in the bedroom, and unit-type facilities, the proportion of the common space increases, and in the group living, the tendency increases more and more. (3) There is no change on the quantity of the basic nursing care in which facilities. (4) The quantity of the care workers is greatly influenced on the quantity of the nursing that support and improve the life. This fact shows that the number of staffs must be caught as a very important element that affect quality of life of the residents.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.71.57_1

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Other Link： https://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=176005

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

In Japan a change in philosophy and the approach of care for the people with dementia has also been applied as an alternative form; Group Home (GH) to the traditional institutional form around 1990. The GH building type is divided into two types, one is new houses build for GH (newly built type), and the other is an old building used as a GH (renovated type). Among the renovated type, old Japanese style houses are used as GH. In this study, six group homes were selected for comparison. By comparing the space patterns of these homes, the purposes of the study are to clarify the difference in the quality of space between the newly built type GH and the renovated type GH. This study leads to some conclusions as follows: (1) In the public space of the GH, like the living room, dining room and kitchen, the continuity of space is the most important point. It is necessary for residents to see, hear or feel other people's presence at every point inside the GH. This is crucial elderly people with dementia feel lonely and fearful when they are left alone. (2) As for the reasons why the old Japanese style house could give a positive influence to the residents, we believe it is not only the space elements, but also some psychological effects. The old house could encourage an atmosphere where residents and staff feel they are family members.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.70.23_1

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

This is a study in person-environment relation at a group living: group home in Japan for people with dementia. Here the focus is on the environmental meanings and the changes for the residents from long-term and continuous point of view. The survey was carried out for over four years continuously at one group living for dementia opened in 1997. As survey methods, observation of behavior and interviews with staff were used. Some results shows as follows : (1) Private room plays important role. People with severe dementia can often use their private room by appropriate guidance and memorial things for themselves. (2) Relations with others are changing with progressing dementia or changing ADL. Using pattern and meaning of spaces changed in longterm, various form and characteristic of spaces were used effectively at specific period of one person. (3) Every resident plays an important role in a group dynamics. New and old residents influence each other directly or indirectly in their lives. That's an essential point and meaning of group living for people with dementia.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.68.55_4

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

Group living (GL) for people suffered from dementia jn Japan is getting more popular after the introduction of public care insurance in 2000. However, the quality of living and care environment is not yet satisfactory enough. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the environmental factors influencing upon people's behaviors in group livings in order to evaluate the quality of GL. Eleven GLs in Finland were selected as survey fields and behavior and the setting of all residents were recorded by observation. The main results are abstracted as follows: (1) Differences of spatial features and residents' activity or dementia condition influencing upon the each GL's character. (2) Residents' lives and behaviors were affected strongly by their ability of moving, dementia level and staffs way of support. (3) Most of residents's activities occurred in the area between their private room and main living area where attached to dining room. (4) Ideal size of the group might be 8 to 9 people in the context of communication. (5) The differences of the extent of dementia affect the communication between residents, and staffs relation to the residents must be fully considered the situation of the group. (6) Each factor in the environment related each other and influenced the lives of residents and staffs. So when evaluate the environment of GL, it is necessary to see their lives from not only surface factors but also the substantial viewpoint, lives and behaviors.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.67.123_2

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

This paper focused on the environmental transfer and terminal care of the resident living in a group living for dementia. The purpose of the study is to clarify the importance of continuity of the residential and care environment from the point of two aspects. It is expected to give some suggestions or hints for what a group living should be in a system of residential facilities for the elderly. Two surveys were practiced for the purpose. One is a longitudinal follow-up observation survey on two cases transferred from group living to institutional nursing home. This result showed how the transfer impacted to the residents and how important the environment of group living for the people with dementia. Another survey is on the attitude and actual conditions of the terminal care for the residents living in a group living using method of questionnaire survey to all the group livings in July 2000. The result showed the difficult condition of group livings for playing a place for terminal care in view of present state of system. On the other hand, many group livings hope to work as a place where residents can live as long as possible. Therefore, the public support system for terminal care in group livings is needed to be prepared without delay.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.67.165_2

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

Designated common spaces in a nursing home are considered to promote a common consciousness and stability among residents. The objective of this study is to assess resident use of varied common space in a nursing home with private rooms. A case study of resident behaviors in the varied type of common spaces is reported.The resident behaviors could be divided into five categories,according to their use of the common spaces: From those who didn't use the spaces at all thoroughout the day to those who constantly use the common spaces and communicate voluntarily with other here. We conclude that these behaviors are related to the residents'Activity of Daily Living(ADL).In addition,we classify the use of common space according to resident's body orientation and physical setting (six categories)and,according to resident's viewing of other residents(into five categories). We also conclude that different common spaces provided settings for diferent behaviors, including private behaviors. Accordingly, common spaces in nursing homes may serve a wider range of semi-private as well as private needs. Implications include the need to reassess the configuration and placement of private rooms and common spaces in nursing homes.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.66.151_2

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

In Japan, an alternative form to the traditional institutional from in care philosophy for people with dementia has been applied since the beginning of the 90's. In 1997, the government introduced subsidies for running group-homes for people with dementia. This is a case study in spatial meaning conducted at a newly designed group-living home (the latest model case in Japan) for people with dementia. Previous research has already pointed out that the utilization of common space greatly affects the life-style and made clear the changes over time of the spatial use patterns of people with dementia. Here the focus is on the role of the care philosophy in the daily life of group-living. And the purpose of is to make clear the role of the care philosophy in the daily life of group-living. Some results show as follows : 1) It is considered that during the first stage of adaptation, connection and contact with the staff affected positively the residents' interpersonal communication. However, after a half-year's occupation, when daily-life autonomy of the residents is established, too much connection with the staff may interrupt communication among residents and sometimes has a detrimental effect on rhythms of daily life. 2) It is important to provide a suitable care for residents so as not to disturb their rhythms of daily life and the care philosophy must consider the level and the state of adaption.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.65.111_1

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

Finland, one of the Scandinavian countries, faces aging society that has come rapidly as a case in Japan, and the care for people dementia is crucial issue. Group living (GL) has spread and taken root as a main care and physical solution for them over the countries not only for people with dementia but for non-dementia -physically frail elderly. This paper makes clear the characteristics of space utilization of demented people in GLs through a comparison with that for without dementia. The comparative study was possible by the five GLs that each has both GL for demented people and for non-demented people in the same physical conditions. The main results of the study are abstracted as follows; 1) People with dementia base on their daily lives at public spaces than people without dementia. 2) As dementia advanced, public spaces are used with high frequency. 3) Demented people have tendency to move and transfer their position and space frequently compared with non-demented people. 4) Private room is also used often by demented people, although the average one of stay is shorter than non-demented people. 5) People with dementia who live in the non-dementia unit with non-demented people seem being affected their way of lives more or less by non-demented people who can spend daily life independently.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.65.93_4

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Language：Japanese  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：ワ-ルドプランニング  

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/1999242070

Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本建築学会  

This is a case study in spatial meaning conducted at a newly designed group-living home (the latest model case in Japan) for people with dementia. Previous research has already pointed out that the utilization of common space greatly affects the life-style of people with dementia. Here the focus is on the adaptation to and use of space, especially to the private rooms. Changes over time of the spatial use patterns are clarified. As survey methods, observations of behavior and interviews with staff were used. On survey days, behavior maps were made every 10 minutes from 7 a.m. to 8 p.m.. As for the attributes of the residents, ADL (Activity of Daily Living) and mental status were recorded by the staff. The survey was repeated 3 times at periods of 2 months, 4 months and 7 months after the home was opened. Each of the three studies were carried out over a period of 3 days from Saturday to Monday. The aim of this study is to clarify the changes over time of adaptive behavior in spatial use patterns of the people with dementia in Group-living environment. Some results show as follows: 1) The residents were able to adapt to the new environment over time. 2) Due to the special spatial characteristics of the private rooms and many rich common spaces in this group-living home, everyone was able to develop their own way of life and own pattern of using the spaces. Many types of life-styles were observed and it is thought that the provision of spatial diversity enables life-style diversity. Both the private rooms and common spaces are determined to be important to people with dementia. 3) Seeing that residents, after learning from the guidance of the staff, are eventually comfortable to freely use most spaces in the home, we can conclude that using space plays important role in one kind of rehabilitation for people with dementia.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

This is a case study in spatial meaning conducted at a newly designed group-living home (the latest model case in Japan) for people with dementia. Previous research has already pointed out that the utilization of common space greatly affects the life-style of people with dementia. Here the focus is on the adaptation to and use of space, especially to the private rooms. Changes over time of the spatial use patterns are clarified. As survey methods, observations of behavior and interviews with staff were used. On survey days, behavior maps were made every 10 minutes from 7 a.m. to 8 p.m.. As for the attributes of the residents, ADL (Activity of Daily Living) and mental status were recorded by the staff. The survey was repeated 3 times at periods of 2 months, 4 months and 7 months after the home was opened. Each of the three studies were carried out over a period of 3 days from Saturday to Monday. The aim of this study is to clarify the changes over time of adaptive behavior in spatial use patterns of the people with dementia in Group-living environment. Some results show as follows: 1) The residents were able to adapt to the new environment over time. 2) Due to the special spatial characteristics of the private rooms and many rich common spaces in this group-living home, everyone was able to develop their own way of life and own pattern of using the spaces. Many types of life-styles were observed and it is thought that the provision of spatial diversity enables life-style diversity. Both the private rooms and common spaces are determined to be important to people with dementia. 3) Seeing that residents, after learning from the guidance of the staff, are eventually comfortable to freely use most spaces in the home, we can conclude that using space plays important role in one kind of rehabilitation for people with dementia.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.64.155_3

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Other Link： https://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=172373

Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

Group living for people with dementia is getting popular in Japan and is institutionalized in public welfare care system for the elderly since 1997. In spring 1997, the new style group living in spatial meanings was open in Miyagi Prefecture. The home "Komorebi-no-ie" illuminate some solutions for better therapeutical environment for people with dementia. It includes 9 private rooms for residents and various common spaces in purpose and in scale. It can be said that this groups living is the first one in the world which embodied the ideal and results of the studies that had been done. And also we can see in the details and designs Japanese-like taste and technique. The aim of the paper is to clarify the utilization of common space in group livings and the effect on the life of each resident. This focus is not set up without this group living where is rich in space, especially in common spaces. The survey was carried out totally 9 days divided into three period. Behavior maps were drawn every 10 minutes from morning to night. Major results are shown as follows: (1) Common spaces plays an important role for their daily activities, because that most of the residents stay there for considerable period during daytime even they have private room. (2) The way of using the space is different from resident to resident. It can be said that the spatial characteristic enable to include various lives in it. (3) In often cases, common space are used to be alone or just feel another person without having a direct contact like as conversation. (4) Group living is not the place only to live together or to share the time and space. The most important point is to facilitate self-support life and enable the various way of life, and it will be possible not only from good care but also good spatial environment.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.64.109_3

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Other Link： https://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=172421

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

The object of this study is to clarify the effectiveness of small-scale units in caring for people with dementia through a comparison between a psychiatric ward and a group home. One survey subject is a group home as an example of small-scale facilities with a capacity of 6 residents, the other is a psychiatric ward with a capacity of 50 inpatients as a large-scale example, both affiliated to K Hospital in Akita Prefecture in Japan. We carried out long-term observation survey of daily activities of each patient/resident and each caring staff, from 1993 to 1994, total amount to 62 days. Some conclusions were shown as follows: (1)Frequency contacted by care staffs is higher in the group home. (2)Residents in the group home could to keep better a daily living, which they used to have. (3)Residents in the group home could to collaborate better in each other. (4)Walking distance of care staff in the group home is shorter than in the psychiatric ward.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.63.79_4

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Other Link： https://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=171888

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

The aim of this study is to provide some suggestions in the architectural planning of public space in nursing homes. This paper concerned with the group formation in public spaces of a nursing home. The term "group" is formulated only the case which has more than two members, and has sociometrical relation with each other. The survey was carried out for about a year (in three terms) at one nursing home with private rooms and various type of public spaces, Location of all the residents in public spaces were plotted on layout map in every 15 or 30 minutes during the daytime.The conclusions of this study are abstracted as follows. Cluster analysis was introduced in order to clarify the group formation in terms of conversation frequency, and found some sociometrical relations. Groups were formed easily when each member has some common interest. Location of each private room and various common spaces seemed to be influential to form and keep the group.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.62.153_1

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Other Link： https://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=170993

Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

The number of people with dementia in Japan is increasing due to change of aging population structure. As a model for alternative care form for people with dementia, group living is regarded as worthwhile to be considered. The aim of the paper is to clarify the basic characteristics of life and utilization of residential space in group livings. Four units in three group homes were selected as survey fields. Behavior maps were drawn every 10 minutes. Major results are shown as follows : 1. Daily activities and the usage of spaces are largely influenced by the care program and the operational policy of each group living. 2. Common spaces such as living room, kitchen and day room plays an important role for their daily activities, because that most of the residents stay there for considerable period during daytime. 3. Layout of each private room and common space seems very crucial point in designing these kind of facilities, in order to enable people with dementia to live their lives more independently and voluntarily. 4. Careful organization of a group mixed with different levels of dementia results in therapeutical good effects on severe damaged group in verbal communication or other activities.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.62.103_4

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Other Link： https://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=171378

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

The object of this study is to set up the guide line on the regional planning of palliative care facilities for the cancer patients. The first survey was carried out on the all cancer patients in Tohoku region etc. by annual epidemiologic statistics. The second was on admitting, surgical, operating and dying of cancer patients in hospitals by annual cancer registration report of Miyagi Prefecture. The third was on the cancer patients in the district central general hospitals. The main results of this study are abstracted as follows ; (1) There are differences in mortality rate and number of death by cancer in each catchment area of health care. (2) In general, terminal care patients are admitting to district central general hospital in each catchment area of health care, in where they are living. (3) Palliative care facilities ought to be set to in each catchment area of health care. (4) Area-wide planning of palliative care facilities were showed as actual several cases in Tohoku region.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.61.131_3

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Other Link： https://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=170799

Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

The first object of this study is to make clear the actual conditions of nursing homes as the place for the final stage of one's life. And the second is to consider the architectural planning of nursing homes from the view of the final place of one's life. The first survey was carried out on 284 nursing homes in Tohoku region. And second was on 58. Further we carried out hearing investigations for staffs on 4. The main results of the study are abstracted as follows; 1) The length of terminal care is about a month. 2) About 45% of the residents in nursing homes died in affiliated hospitals etc., and about 35% of them died in their own nursing homes. These mean that for most of residents nursing home is the final place of their lives. 3) In many nursing homes, "observation room" is used as the place for terminal care. 4) Nursing home needs some special rooms for the use of attending on one's dying stage.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.60.91_4

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Other Link： https://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=170394

Language：Japanese   Book type：Scholarly book

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Language：Japanese   Book type：Scholarly book

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Language：Japanese   Book type：Scholarly book

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Total pages：vi, 163p   Language：Japanese  

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Language：Japanese   Book type：Textbook, survey, introduction

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Responsible for pages：pp.370-371   Language：Japanese   Book type：Textbook, survey, introduction

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Total pages：xiv, 734p, 図版 [16] p   Language：Japanese  

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Total pages：x, 155p   Language：Japanese  

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Responsible for pages：pp.56-63   Language：Japanese   Book type：Scholarly book

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Responsible for pages：pp.354-379   Language：Japanese   Book type：Scholarly book

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Responsible for pages：P245-256   Language：Japanese   Book type：Textbook, survey, introduction

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Total pages：151p   Language：Japanese  

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Responsible for pages：P20-23 P32-35   Language：Japanese   Book type：Textbook, survey, introduction

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Total pages：xxv, 657p, 図版 [8] p   Language：Japanese  

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Responsible for pages：P52-55 177-184 221-224 272-275   Language：Japanese   Book type：Report

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Responsible for pages：P338-354   Language：Japanese   Book type：Textbook, survey, introduction

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Total pages：216p   Language：Japanese  

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Responsible for pages：Pⅰ-ⅲ 94-118 122-175   Language：Japanese   Book type：Scholarly book

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Total pages：125p  

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Responsible for pages：P44-45 142-143   Language：Japanese   Book type：Scholarly book

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Responsible for pages：P186-188   Language：Japanese   Book type：Scholarly book

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Total pages：577p   Language：Japanese  

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Responsible for pages：P355-368   Language：Japanese   Book type：Textbook, survey, introduction

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Language：Japanese   Book type：Dictionary, encyclopedia

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本建築学会  

DOI： 10.3130/aijt.11.630_3

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Authorship：Lead author  

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Event date： 2025

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

Venue：中国・大連  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2022

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Event date： 2021

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Event date： 2020.9

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Award type：Award from Japanese society, conference, symposium, etc.  Country/Region：Japan

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Award type：Award from Japanese society, conference, symposium, etc.  Country/Region：Japan

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